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stout pole

  • 1 анкерная опора

    1) Military: pulloff pole
    6) Electrical engineering: dead-end support (ВЛ)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > анкерная опора

  • 2 esteba

    f.
    1 a plant of prickly leaves and stem, growing in ponds and marshy places.
    2 a stout pole, used on boats for pushing bales of wool close together.
    3 steeve, meadow spear grass.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: estebar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: estebar.

    Spanish-English dictionary > esteba

  • 3 palo

    m.
    a palo seco (informal) without anything else, on its own; (sin nada más) neat (bebida)
    de tal palo tal astilla (Prov) he's/she's a chip off the old block
    2 club.
    estrellaron tres disparos en los palos they hit the woodwork three times
    3 mast.
    palo mayor mainmast
    4 suit.
    5 tree (botany).
    palo santo lignum vitae
    6 blow (blow).
    liarse a palos (con alguien) to come to blows (with somebody)
    moler a alguien a palos to thrash somebody
    7 piece of wood, log, piece of timber.
    8 hit, blow, whack.
    9 tent stake, tent pole.
    * * *
    2 (golpe) blow
    ■ ha sido un palo que se las supendieran todas what a drag that he's failed every subject!
    3 (madera) wood
    4 (de la letra) stroke
    ■ haz el palo de la "p" más largo make the stroke of the "p" longer
    6 MARÍTIMO mast
    8 (de golf) club
    \
    a palo seco (comida) on its own 2 (bebida) neat
    dar palos to beat
    dar palos de ciego to grope about in the dark
    de tal palo tal astila like father like son
    echar a palos to kick out
    estar hecho,-a un palo familiar to be as thin as a rake
    no dar un palo al agua familiar not to do a stroke
    palo de escoba broomstick
    palo de golf golf club
    palo dulce liquorice
    palo mayor mainmast
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=vara) [de poco grosor] stick; [fijo en el suelo] post; [de telégrafos, tienda de campaña] pole; [de herramienta] handle, shaft

    • política de palo y zanahoria — carrot and stick policy

    más tieso que un palo —

    palo de amasar — Arg, Uru rolling pin

    2) (=madera)

    pata de palo — wooden leg, peg leg

    3) (=golpe) blow

    • dar o pegar un palo a algn — (=golpear) to hit sb with a stick; * (=timar) to rip sb off *

    - no dar o pegar ni palo al agua

    ni a palos * —

    ni a palos me voy yo de aquí dejándote sola — wild horses wouldn't make me go off and leave you on your own, there's no way I would go off and leave you on your own *

    4) * (=disgusto) bummer **, nightmare *

    es un palo que te bajen el sueldo — it's a real bummer ** o nightmare * that they're cutting your salary

    ¡qué palo si suspendo! — it'll be a real bummer ** o nightmare * if I fail!

    • dar palo, me daría palo que se enterase — I would hate it if he found out

    • llevarse un palo, nos llevamos un palo muy gordo cuando descubrimos la verdad — it was a real blow when we found out the truth

    5) (Náut) mast
    [comer, beber]

    nos comimos el jamón a palo seco — we had the ham on its own, we had the ham with nothing to wash it down

    no pasa un día a palo seco — Ven he never goes a single day without a drink

    6) (Dep)
    a) [de portería] post
    b) [para golpear] [en hockey] stick; [en golf] club
    7) (=de uva) stalk
    8) (Tip) [de b, d] upstroke; [de p, q] downstroke
    9) (Naipes) suit

    palo del triunfo — trump suit, trumps pl

    10) (Mús) [en flamenco] style
    11) esp LAm (Bot) tree

    palo de hule — CAm rubber tree

    12) Ven * [de licor] swig *, slug *
    13) Chile
    *
    14) Méx *** (=acto sexual) screw ***
    15) Col, Ven

    un palo de: un palo de casa — a marvellous house

    cayó un palo de agua — the rain came pouring down, there was a huge downpour *

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( trozo de madera) stick; (de valla, portería) post; ( de herramienta) handle; ( de telégrafos) pole; (de tienda, carpa) tent pole

    palo de escoba — broomstick, broomhandle

    (flaco) como un palo — (fam) as thin as a rake o rail

    más tieso que un palo — as stiff as a board

    de tal palo, tal astilla — a chip off the old block, like father like son (o like mother like daughter etc)

    b) (AmC, Col fam) ( árbol) tree
    c) (Dep) ( de golf) (golf) club; ( de hockey) hockey stick
    d) (Náut) mast

    a palo seco — (fam)

    e) palos masculino plural (Equ) rails (pl)
    2) ( madera) wood

    no está el palo para cucharas — (Col fam) the time isn't right

    3) (Impr) (de la b, d) ascender; (de la p, q) descender
    4)
    a) (fam) ( golpe) blow (with a stick)

    lo molieron a palos — they beat him till he was black and blue

    ni a palo(s) — (AmS) no way

    palos porque bogas, palos porque no bogas — you can't win

    b) (fam) (revés, daño) blow

    darle or pegarle un palo a alguien — to rip somebody off (colloq)

    5) ( en naipes) suit
    6) (AmL arg) ( millón) million pesos (o soles etc)
    7) (Ven fam) ( trago) drink
    8) (Col, Ven fam) ( de agua)

    cayó un palo de agua — it poured (with rain), it poured down

    * * *
    = handle, stick, lance.
    Ex. The ball pelts, which were usually sheepskin, were fixed to the handles with nails which were only lightly knocked in, and were removed after the day's work (and often during the midday break as well).
    Ex. Any sport that involves a stick or racket, a ball or other projectile, or body contact presents a risk of serious eye injury.
    Ex. Hoses 60 m long with hand held lances were used to apply the herbicides.
    ----
    * botón en forma de palo = toggle fastener.
    * dar palos de ciego = grope (for/toward).
    * delgado como un palo = stick-thin.
    * de tal palo tal astilla = a chip off the old block, like father, like son.
    * en casa de herrero cuchillo de palo = the cobbler's children run barefoot.
    * llevarse un palo = be gutted, feel + gutted.
    * matar a palos = beat + Nombre + to death.
    * palo de golf = golf club.
    * palo de (la) escoba = broomstick.
    * palo de rosa = rosewood.
    * palo largo para alcanzar Algo = long-handled reacher.
    * palos al aire = a stab in the dark.
    * palos de ciego = a stab in the dark, a shot in the dark.
    * palos de ciego, palos al aire = a shot in the dark.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( trozo de madera) stick; (de valla, portería) post; ( de herramienta) handle; ( de telégrafos) pole; (de tienda, carpa) tent pole

    palo de escoba — broomstick, broomhandle

    (flaco) como un palo — (fam) as thin as a rake o rail

    más tieso que un palo — as stiff as a board

    de tal palo, tal astilla — a chip off the old block, like father like son (o like mother like daughter etc)

    b) (AmC, Col fam) ( árbol) tree
    c) (Dep) ( de golf) (golf) club; ( de hockey) hockey stick
    d) (Náut) mast

    a palo seco — (fam)

    e) palos masculino plural (Equ) rails (pl)
    2) ( madera) wood

    no está el palo para cucharas — (Col fam) the time isn't right

    3) (Impr) (de la b, d) ascender; (de la p, q) descender
    4)
    a) (fam) ( golpe) blow (with a stick)

    lo molieron a palos — they beat him till he was black and blue

    ni a palo(s) — (AmS) no way

    palos porque bogas, palos porque no bogas — you can't win

    b) (fam) (revés, daño) blow

    darle or pegarle un palo a alguien — to rip somebody off (colloq)

    5) ( en naipes) suit
    6) (AmL arg) ( millón) million pesos (o soles etc)
    7) (Ven fam) ( trago) drink
    8) (Col, Ven fam) ( de agua)

    cayó un palo de agua — it poured (with rain), it poured down

    * * *
    = handle, stick, lance.

    Ex: The ball pelts, which were usually sheepskin, were fixed to the handles with nails which were only lightly knocked in, and were removed after the day's work (and often during the midday break as well).

    Ex: Any sport that involves a stick or racket, a ball or other projectile, or body contact presents a risk of serious eye injury.
    Ex: Hoses 60 m long with hand held lances were used to apply the herbicides.
    * botón en forma de palo = toggle fastener.
    * dar palos de ciego = grope (for/toward).
    * delgado como un palo = stick-thin.
    * de tal palo tal astilla = a chip off the old block, like father, like son.
    * en casa de herrero cuchillo de palo = the cobbler's children run barefoot.
    * llevarse un palo = be gutted, feel + gutted.
    * matar a palos = beat + Nombre + to death.
    * palo de golf = golf club.
    * palo de (la) escoba = broomstick.
    * palo de rosa = rosewood.
    * palo largo para alcanzar Algo = long-handled reacher.
    * palos al aire = a stab in the dark.
    * palos de ciego = a stab in the dark, a shot in the dark.
    * palos de ciego, palos al aire = a shot in the dark.

    * * *
    A
    clavar un palo en la tierra to drive a stake into the ground
    la pelota dio en el palo the ball hit the post o goalpost
    el palo de la escoba the broomstick o broomhandle
    me pegaba con un palo he used to hit me with a stick
    estar (flaco) como un palo ( fam); to be as thin as a rake
    más tieso que un palo as stiff as a board o ( BrE) poker
    de tal palo, tal astilla a chip off the old block, like father like son ( o like mother like daughter etc)
    2 (de una tienda, carpa) tent pole
    3 (AmC, Col fam) (árbol) tree
    4 ( Dep) (de golf) club, golf club; (de hockey) hockey stick
    5 (de un polo) stick
    6 ( Náut) mast
    a palo seco ( fam); under bare poles
    se lo comió a palo seco she ate it on its own
    no me gusta beberlo a palo seco I don't like drinking it without eating anything
    me lo dijo a palo seco she told me outright o ( BrE) straight out
    le pagaron los $10, a palo seco he was paid the $10 and not a penny more o and that was it
    le sacaron la muela a palo seco he had the tooth taken out with no anesthetic
    que cada palo aguante su vela each of us must face up to our own responsibilities
    7 palos mpl ( Equ) rails (pl)
    iba por los palos he was staying close to the rails
    Compuestos:
    ( RPl) rolling pin
    mizzenmast
    foremast
    greasy pole
    ( Chi fam) fat cat ( colloq)
    mainmast
    B (madera) wood pata1 (↑ pata (1))
    los de afuera son de palo ( RPl); those not in the game, keep quiet
    no está el palo para cucharas ( Col fam); the time isn't right, circumstances are not favorable
    Compuestos:
    A ( Bot) paradise tree
    B ( Chi) (testaferro) front man, figurehead
    rosewood
    licorice*
    lignum vitae
    C ( Impr) (de la b, d) ascender; (de la p, q) descender
    Compuesto:
    sans serif, sanserif
    D
    1 ( fam) (golpe) blow (with a stick)
    le dieron un palo en la cabeza he got whacked on the head with a stick ( colloq)
    lo molieron a palos they beat him till he was black and blue
    dar palos de ciego (al pelear) to lash o strike out blindly; (para resolver un problema) to grope in the dark
    ni a palo(s) ( AmS); no way
    ni a palo(s) van a lograr que retire lo dicho there's no way they'll get me to take back what I said
    palos porque bogas, palos porque no bogas you can't win
    2 ( fam) (revés, daño) blow
    el accidente de su hijo fue un palo muy gordo his son's accident was a terrible blow
    ¡qué palo! han perdido otra vez what a downer! they've lost again ( colloq)
    el libro recibió un buen palo de la crítica the book was panned o ( AmE) roasted o ( BrE) slated by the critics
    3 ( fam)
    (en cuestiones de dinero): darle or pegarle un palo a algn to rip sb off ( colloq)
    seguir el palo to follow suit
    F ( AmL arg) (millón) million pesos ( o soles etc)
    G ( Ven fam) (trago) drink
    vamos a echar unos palos let's have a drink
    H
    ( Méx vulg) (en sentido sexual): echarse un palo to have a screw ( vulg)
    I
    1
    (Col, Ven fam) (de agua): ayer cayó un palo de agua it poured (with rain) yesterday, it poured down yesterday
    2 ( Col fam) (caballo) outsider, long shot; (persona) outsider
    * * *

     

    palo sustantivo masculino
    1

    (de valla, portería) post;
    ( de herramienta) handle;
    (de tienda, carpa) tent pole;

    de tal palo, tal astilla a chip off the old block, like father like son (o like mother like daughter etc)
    b) (AmC, Col fam) ( árbol) tree

    c) (Dep) ( de golf) (golf) club;

    ( de hockey) hockey stick
    d) (Náut) mast;


    2 ( madera) wood;

    3 (fam) ( golpe) blow (with a stick);
    ◊ lo molieron a palos they beat him till he was black and blue

    4 ( en naipes) suit
    palo sustantivo masculino
    1 stick: este queso está más seco que un palo, this cheese is as dry as dust
    su hermano está como un palo, his brother is as thin as a rake
    2 (estacazo) blow
    3 fam (disgusto, golpe) blow: su muerte ha sido un palo para ella, his death was a real blow to her
    me da palo tener que decírselo yo, I'm really cut up about having to tell her
    (decepción) disappointment: menudo palo nos dio cuando nos dijeron que no cantaría, it was a real disappointment to us when we heard that he wasn't going to sing
    (rollo) drag
    4 (madera) una cuchara/pata de palo, a wooden spoon/ leg
    5 Náut (mástil) mast
    palo mayor, mainmast
    6 Dep (de portería) woodwork
    7 Golf club
    8 Naipes suit
    ♦ Locuciones: moler a palos a alguien, to beat sb up
    a palo seco, on its own
    de tal palo, tal astilla, like father, like son
    ' palo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    astilla
    - caballito
    - estaca
    - garrote
    - hisopo
    - jarabe
    - tranca
    - trinquete
    - vara
    - verga
    - bolo
    - cachiporra
    - corazón
    - empuñar
    - espada
    - extremo
    - helado
    - oro
    - partir
    - pata
    - pica
    - pique
    - rombo
    - trébol
    - triunfo
    English:
    broomstick
    - carrot
    - chip
    - club
    - drive
    - end
    - father
    - golf club
    - like
    - pointed
    - Pole
    - ram
    - rosewood
    - shaft
    - stake
    - stick
    - stout
    - stroke
    - suit
    - taper
    - wave
    - wooden
    - broom
    - dead
    - golf
    - pole
    - spar
    - wood
    * * *
    palo nm
    1. [trozo de madera] stick;
    palo de escoba broomhandle;
    Fam
    como un palo [flaco] as thin as a rake;
    de tal palo, tal astilla like father like son
    RP palo de amasar rolling pin
    2. [de golf] club;
    [de hockey] stick
    3. [de portería] [laterales] post;
    [larguero] bar;
    estrellaron tres disparos en los palos they hit the woodwork three times
    4. [mástil] mast;
    Fam
    a palo seco [sin nada más] without anything else, on its own;
    [bebida] neat;
    que cada palo aguante su vela each of us is responsible for his/her own affairs
    palo mayor mainmast;
    palo de mesana mizzenmast;
    5. [golpe] blow (with a stick);
    dar de palos a alguien to beat o hit sb (with a stick);
    liarse a palos (con alguien) to come to blows (with sb);
    moler a alguien a palos to thrash sb (with a stick);
    dar palos de ciego [criticar] to lash out (wildly);
    [no saber qué hacer] to grope around in the dark; Andes, RP Fam
    ni a palos: eso no lo hago ni a palos there's no way I'm going to do that;
    Fam
    no dar o [m5] pegar un palo al agua not to do a stroke of work
    6. [mala crítica] bad review;
    se llevó muchos palos de la crítica she was panned by the critics
    7. Fam [desgracia, trauma] blow;
    ¡qué palo, me han suspendido! what a drag, I've failed!;
    se ha llevado muchos palos últimamente he's had to put up with a lot recently
    8. Fam [reparo]
    me da palo hacerlo/decirlo I hate having to do/say it;
    prefiero que se lo digas tú, a mí me da mucho palo I'd rather you told him, I really don't want to
    9. Fam [pesadez] pain, drag;
    da mucho palo ponerse a estudiar en verano it's a pain o drag having to start studying during the summer
    10. Fam [atraco, robo]
    darle un palo a alguien [por la calle] to mug sb;
    dar un palo en un banco to stick up a bank
    11. [de baraja] suit
    12. Imprenta [en letra] stroke
    13. [de cante flamenco] = style of flamenco singing;
    Fam
    tocar todos los palos [hacer de todo] to do a bit of everything
    14. [madera]
    de palo wooden;
    una cuchara de palo a wooden spoon;
    Am
    no ser de palo not to be made of stone;
    RP Fam
    los de afuera son de palo outsiders have no say
    palo de rosa rosewood
    15. Am [árbol, arbusto] tree
    palo borracho silk floss tree;
    palo de Brasil brazil wood tree;
    palo dulce liquorice root;
    palo santo lignum vitae
    16. Carib Fam [trago, copa] drink
    17. Am Fam [millón] million;
    esa casa vale dos palos y medio this house is worth two and a half million
    un palo verde a million bucks
    18. Col, Méx, Pan, Ven Fam [como intensificador]
    palo de hombre great man;
    palo de mujer real beauty;
    palo de agua [aguacero] downpour, deluge of rain
    19. Comp
    Cuba, Méx muy Fam
    echarse un palo to have a screw, Br to have it off;
    Ven Fam
    echar un palo to have a drink;
    Ven Fam
    ir o [m5] venir palo abajo to go downhill, to go from bad to worse
    * * *
    m
    1 de madera etc stick;
    de tal palo tal astilla a chip off the old block fam ;
    dar palos de ciego (no saber cómo actuar) grope in the dark; ( criticar) lash out wildly
    2 MAR mast;
    que cada palo aguante su vela everybody has to stand up and be counted
    3 de portería post, upright
    4 fig
    blow
    5
    :
    a medio palo L.Am. half-drunk;
    a palo seco whiskey straight up
    6 L.Am.
    ser un palo be fantastic
    7
    :
    * * *
    palo nm
    1) : stick, pole, post
    2) : shaft, handle
    palo de escoba: broomstick
    3) : mast, spar
    4) : wood
    5) : blow (with a stick)
    6) : suit (of cards)
    * * *
    palo n
    1. (vara) stick
    2. (mástil) mast
    3. (de golf) club
    4. (de fútbol) post
    5. (de hockey) stick
    6. (disgusto) blow
    ¡qué palo! what a blow!

    Spanish-English dictionary > palo

  • 4 DIGR

    (acc. digran), a.
    1) big, stout, opp. to grannr; digr sem naut, big as an ox; digr fótr, a big leg; hon gekk digr með tveim, she was big with twins;
    3) of sound, deep (þat hljóð er digrara);
    4) big, haughty; digr orð, big words, threats; gera sik digran, to puff oneself up.
    * * *
    adj., neut. digrt, [the Goth. probably had an adj. digrs; Ulf. renders αδρότης by digrei; Swed. diger; the Germ. dick is different, and answers to Icel. þjokkr, þykkr]:—stout, big; a pole is digr, a wall þykkr: the phrase, d. sem naut, big as an ox, Eb. 314; hár ok d., Anal. 79; d. fótr, Nj. 219; Ólafr Digri, Olave the Fat, Ó. H.: er kálfi var digrastr, Nj. 247: digrt men (monile), Fms. vi. 271; falr langr ok digr, Eg. 285; digrir fjötrar, Sks. 457: (hon) gékk digr með tveim, she was big with twins, Str. 16.
    β. irregularly = þykkr; d. panzari, Sturl. ii. 59; d. ok feit nautssíða, a thick side of bacon, Fms. ii. 139.
    2. metaph., göra sik digran, to puff oneself out, Bs. i. 719, Karl. 197; digr orð, big words, threats, Ísl. ii. 330, Bs. i. 758.
    β. gramm. deep, of a tune, sound, Skálda 177, Ísl. ii. 467, v. 1.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > DIGR

  • 5 DRENGR

    (-s, pl. -ir, gen. -ja), m.
    1) a bold, valiant, chivalrous man; drengr góðr, a goodhearted, nobleminded man (auðigr at fé ok drengr góðr); ekki þykki mér þú sterkr, en drengr ertu g., but thou art a good fellow; drengir, en eigi dáðleysingjar, gallant men, and no fainthearts; at þú mættir drengrinn af verða sem beztr, that you might get the greatest credit from it; hafa dreng í serk, to have a stout heart in one’s breast;
    2) a young unmarried man (drengir heita ungir menn búlausir, meðan þeir afla sér fjár eða orðstírs);
    3) attendant (þeir heita konungs drengir, er höfðingjum þjóna);
    4) fellow (lætr síðan sverðit ríða á hálsinn á þeim leiða dreng);
    5) pole cf. ásdrengr.
    * * *
    m., pl. ir, gen. drengs, pl. drengir, on Runic stones drengjar; this is a most curious word, and exclusively Scandinavian; it occurs in the A. S. poem Byrnoth, but is there undoubtedly borrowed from the Danes, as this poem is not very old.
    1. the earliest form was probably drangr, q. v., a rock or pillar, which sense still remains in Edda (Gl.) and in the compds ás-drengr, stýris-drengr, cp. Ivar Aasen; it also remains in the verb drengja.
    2. it then metaphorically came to denote a young unmarried man, a bachelor, A. S. hagestald, N. H. G. hagestolz; drengir heita ungir menn ok búlausir, Edda 107; ungr d., a youth, 623. 22, Post. 656 C. 32, Edda 35; drengr, a youth, Stj. 409; hverrar ættar ertú d., 465; (hence the mod. Dan. sense of a boy); far-d., a sailor.
    3. hence came the usual sense, a bold, valiant, worthy man, and in this sense it is most freq. in all periods of the language. Drengr is a standing word in the Swed. and Dan. Runic monuments, góðr drengr, drengr harða góðr, denoting a good, brave, gallant man, a bold and gentle heart; lagði þá hverr fram sitt skip sem d. var ok skap hafði til, Fms. vi. 315; drengir heita vaskir menn ok batnandi, Edda 107; hraustr d., a gallant d., Ld. 50; d. fullr, a bluff, out-spoken man, Ísl. ii. 363; göfuligr d., Bær. 12; d. góðr, noble-minded; auðigr at fé ok d. góðr, Fms. vi. 356; hann var enn bezti d. ok hófsmaðr um allt, Ld. loo; drengr góðr ok öriggr í öllu, Nj. 30; ekki þyki mér þú sterkr, en drengr ertú góðr, thou art not strong, but thou art a good fellow, Lv. 109; drengs dáð, a ‘derring do,’ the deed of a drengr, Fbr. 90 (in a verse): also used of a lady, kvennskörungr mikill ok d. góðr ok nokkut skaphörð, Nj. 30 (of Bergthora); allra kvenna grimmust ok skaphörðust ok ( but) d. góðr þar sem vel skyldi vera, 147 (of Hildigunna): the phrases, lítill d., a small dreng, or d. at verri, denoting a disgraced man, Nj. 68; at kalla þik ekki at verra dreng, to call thee a dreng none the less for that, Ld. 42; drengir en eigi dáðleysingjar, ‘drengs’ and no lubbers, Sturl. iii. 135; drengr and níðingr are opposed, N. G. L. ii. 420: at Hallgerðr yrði þeim mestr drengr, greatest helper, prop, Nj. 76; at þú mættir drengrinn af verða sem beztr, that thou couldst get the greatest credit from it, Gísl. 48: the phrase, hafa dreng í serk, to have a man (i. e. a stout, bold heart) in one’s sark, in one’s breast, Fms. ix. 381: in addressing, góðr d., my dear fellow, Eg. 407: cp. ‘et quod ipsi in posterurn vocarentur Drenges,’ Du Cange (in a letter of William the Conqueror).
    COMPDS: drengjamóðir, drengjaval, drengsaðal, drengsbót, drengsbragð.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > DRENGR

  • 6 BERA

    * * *
    I)
    (ber; bar, bárum; borinn), v.
    I.
    1) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup í börum suðr í Hvamm);
    bera (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship;
    bera (mat) af borði, to take (the meat) off the table;
    bera e-t á hesti, to carry on horseback;
    2) to wear (bera klæði, vápn, kórónu);
    bera œgishjálm, to inspire fear and awe;
    3) to bear, produce, yield (jörðin berr gras; tré bera aldin, epli);
    4) to bear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows;
    kýr hafði borit kálf, had calved;
    absol., ván at hón mundi bera, that the cow would calve;
    the pp. is used of men; hann hafði verit blindr borinn, born blind;
    verða borinn í þenna heim, to be born into this world;
    þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, born to;
    borinn e-m, frá e-m (rare), born of;
    Nótt var Nörvi borin, was the daughter of N.;
    borinn Sigmundi, son of S.;
    5) bera e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrliði, ofrmagni, ofríki, to bear one down, overcome, oppress, one by odds or superior force;
    bera e-n ráðum, to overrule one;
    bera e-n bjóri, to make drunk with beer;
    verða bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise;
    borinn verkjum, overcome by pains;
    þess er borin ván, there is no hope, all hope is gone;
    borinn baugum, bribed; cf. bera fé á e-n, to bribe one;
    6) to lear, be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle);
    þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, with as much as they could carry;
    fig., to sustain, support (svá mikill mannfjöldi, at landit fekk eigi borit);
    of persons, to bear up against, endure, support (grief, sorrow, etc.);
    absol., bar hann drengiliga, he bore it manfully;
    similarly, bera (harm) af sér, berast vel (illa, lítt) af;
    bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore up bravely;
    hversu berst Auðr af um bróðurdauðann, how does she bear it?
    hon berst af lítt, she is much cast down;
    bera sik vel upp, to bear well up against;
    7) bera e-t á, e-n á hendr e-m, to charge or tax one with (eigi erum vér þess valdir, er þú berr á oss);
    bera (kvið) á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty (í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn);
    bera af e-m (kviðinn), to give a verdict for;
    bera e-t af sér, to deny having done a thing;
    bera or bera vitni, vætti, to bear witness, testify;
    bera or bera um e-t, to give a verdict in a case;
    bera e-n sannan at sök, to prove guilty by evidence;
    bera e-n undan sök, to acquit;
    bera í sundr frændsemi þeirra, to prove (by evidence) that they are not relations;
    refl. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (þótt þér berist þat faðerni, er þú segir);
    8) to set forth, report, tell;
    bera e-m kveðju (orð, orðsending), to bring one a greeting, compliments (word, message);
    bera or bera fram erindi sín fyrir e-n, to state (tell) one’s errand or to plead one’s case before one;
    bera e-m njósn, to apprise one;
    bera e-t upp, to produce, mention, tell;
    bera upp erindi sín, to state one’s errand;
    bera saman ráð sín, to consult together;
    eyddist það ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed;
    9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (bera jarlnafn, konnungsnafn);
    bera (eigi) giptu, gæfu, hammingju, auðnu til e-s, (not) to have the good fortune to do a thing (bar hann enga gæfu til at þjóna þér);
    bera vit, skyn, kunnáttu á e-t, to have knowledge of, uniderstanding about;
    bera hug, áræði, þor, traust til e-s, to have courage, confidence to do a thing;
    bera áhyggju fyrir e-u, to be concerned about;
    bera ást, elsku, hatr til e-s, to bear affection, love, hatred to;
    10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain);
    bera sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in;
    hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orustum, he had been victorious in two battles;
    bera hærra (lægra) hlut to get the best (the worst) of it;
    bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to gain the victory;
    bera hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), to be in high (low) spirits;
    bera halann bratt, lágt, to cock up or let fall the tail, to be in high or low spirits;
    11) with preps.:
    bera af e-m, to surpass;
    en þó bar Bolli af, surpassed all the rest;
    bera af sér högg, lag to ward off, parry a blow or thrust;
    bera eld at, to set fire to;
    bera fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one;
    bera á or í, to smear, anoint (bera vatn í augu sér, bera tjöru í höfuð sér);
    bera e-t til, to apply to, to try if it fits (bera til hvern lykil af öðrum at portinu);
    bera e-t um, to wind round;
    þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body;
    bera um með e-n, to bear with, have patience with;
    bera út barn, to expose a child;
    12) refl., berast mikit (lítit) á, to bear oneself proudly (humbly);
    láta af berast, to die;
    láta fyrir berast e-s staðar, to stay, remain in a place (for shelter);
    berast e-t fyrir, to design a thing (barst hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur);
    at njósna um, hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about;
    berast vápn á, to attack one another;
    berast at or til, to happen;
    þat barst at (happened) á einhverju sumri;
    ef svá harðliga kann til at berast, if that misfortune does happen;
    berast í móti, to happen, occur;
    hefir þetta vel í móti borizt, it is a happy coincidence;
    berast við, to be prevented;
    ok nú lét almáttugr guð við berast kirkjubrunann, prevented, stopped the burning of the church;
    II. impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion;
    alla berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end);
    bar hann (acc.) þá ofan gegnt Ösuri, he happened to come down just opposite to Ö.;
    esp. of ships and sailors; berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eða annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other countries;
    þá (acc.) bar suðr í haf, they were carried out southwards;
    Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, S. came suddenly upon them;
    ef hann (acc.) skyldi bera þar at, if he should happen to come there;
    e-n berr yfir, one is borne onwards, of a bird flying, a man riding;
    hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying meteor);
    2) followed by preps.:
    Gunnar sér, at rauðan kyrtil bar við glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window;
    hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, there was nowhere a shadow;
    e-t berr fram (hátt), is prominent;
    Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingu ok bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, stood out conspicuously;
    e-t berr á milli, comes between;
    leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect;
    fig. e-m berr e-t á milli, they are at variance about a thing;
    mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, many things come now before my eyes;
    veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m, game falls to one’s lot;
    e-t berr undan, goes amiss, fails;
    bera saman, to coincide;
    bar nöfn þeirra saman, they had the same name;
    fig., with dat.; bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together;
    fund várn bar saman, we met;
    3) bera at, til, við, at hendi, til handa, to befall, happen, with dat. of the person;
    svá bar at einn vetr, it happened one winter;
    þó at þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us;
    bar honum svá til, it so befell him;
    þat bar við (it so happened), at Högni kom;
    raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by fact;
    4) of time, to fall upon;
    ef þing (acc.) berr á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls in the holy week;
    bera í móti, to coincide, happen exactly at the same time;
    5) denoting cause;
    e-t berr til, causes a thing;
    konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief;
    ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason;
    berr e-m nauðsyn til e-s, one is obliged to do a thing;
    6) e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot;
    hon á arf at taka, þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn;
    e-t berr frá, is surpassing;
    er sagt, at þat (acc.) bæri frá, hvé vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they spoke;
    7) e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden;
    e-t berr stóru, stórum (stœrrum), it amounts to much (more), it matters a great deal (more), it is of great (greater) importance;
    8) absol. or with an adv., vel, illa, with infin.;
    e-m berr (vel, illa) at gera e-t, it becomes, beseems one (well, ill) to do a thing (berr yðr vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli);
    used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (þat þykkir eigi illa bera, at).
    (að), v. to make bare (hon beraði likam sinn).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f.
    I. [björn], a she-bear, Lat. ursa; the primitive root ‘ber’ remains only in this word (cp. berserkr and berfjall), björn (q. v.) being the masc. in use, Landn. 176, Fas. i. 367, Vkv. 9: in many Icel. local names, Beru-fjörðr, -vík, from Polar bears; fem. names, Bera, Hallbera, etc., Landn.
    II. a shield, poët., the proverb, baugr er á beru sæmstr, to a shield fits best a baugr (q. v.), Lex. Poët., Edda (Gl.); hence names of poems Beru-drápa, Eg.
    2.
    bar, báru, borit, pres. berr,—poët. forms with the suffixed negative; 3rd pers. sing. pres. Indic. berrat, Hm. 10; 3rd pers. sing. pret. barat, Vellekla; 1st pers. sing. barkak, Eb. 62 (in a verse); barkat ek, Hs. 8; 2nd pers. sing. bartattu; 3rd pers. pl. bárut, etc., v. Lex. Poët. [Gr. φέρειν; Lat. ferre; Ulf. bairan; A. S. beran; Germ. gebären; Engl. bear; Swed. bära; Dan. bære].
    A. Lat. ferre, portare:
    I. prop. with a sense of motion, to bear, carry, by means of the body, of animals, of vehicles, etc., with acc., Egil tók mjöðdrekku eina mikla, ok bar undir hendi sér, Eg. 237; bar hann heim hrís, Rm. 9; konungr lét bera inn kistur tvær, báru tveir menn hverja, Eg. 310; bera farm af skipi, to unload a ship, Ld. 32; bera (farm) á skip, to load a ship, Nj. 182; tóku alla ösku ok báru á á ( amnem) út, 623, 36; ok bar þat ( carried it) í kerald, 43, K. Þ. K. 92; b. mat á borð, í stofu, to put the meat on table, in the oven; b. mat af borði, to take it off table, Eb. 36, 266, Nj. 75, Fms. ix. 219, etc.
    2. Lat. gestare, ferre, denoting to wear clothes, to carry weapons; skikkja dýr er konungr hafði borit, Eg. 318; b. kórónu, to wear the crown, Fms. x. 16; atgeir, Nj. 119; vápn, 209: metaph., b. ægishjálm, to inspire fear and awe; b. merki, to carry the flag in a battle, Nj. 274, Orkn. 28, 30, 38, Fms. v. 64, vi. 413; bera fram merki, to advance, move in a battle, vi. 406.
    3. b. e-t á hesti (áburðr), to carry on horseback; Auðunn bar mat á hesti, Grett. 107; ok bar hrís á hesti, 76 new Ed.; þeir báru á sjau hestum, 98 new Ed.
    II. without a sense of motion:
    1. to give birth to; [the root of barn, bairn; byrja, incipere; burðr, partus; and burr, filius: cp. Lat. parĕre; also Gr. φέρειν, Lat. ferre, of child-bearing.] In Icel. prose, old as well as mod., ‘ala’ and ‘fæða’ are used of women; but ‘bera,’ of cows and sheep; hence sauðburðr, casting of lambs, kýrburðr; a cow is snembær, siðbær, Jólabær, calves early, late, at Yule time, etc.; var ekki ván at hon ( the cow) mundi b. fyr en um várit, Bs. i. 193, 194; kýr hafði borit kálf, Bjarn. 32; bar hvárrtveggi sauðrinn sinn burð, Stj. 178: the participle borinn is used of men in a great many compds in a general sense, aptrborinn, árborinn, endrborinn, frjálsborinn, goðborinn, höldborinn, hersborinn, konungborinn, óðalborinn, samborinn, sundrborinn, velborinn, úborinn, þrælborinn, etc.; also out of compds, mun ek eigi upp gefa þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, … entitled to by inheritance, Ld. 102; hann hafði blindr verit borinn, born blind, Nj. 152, Hdl. 34, 42, Vsp. 2: esp. borinn e-m, born of one, Rm. 39, Hdl. 12, 23, 27, Hðm. 2, Gs. 9, Vþm. 25, Stor. 16, Vkv. 15; borinn frá e-m, Hdl. 24: the other tenses are in theol. Prose used of Christ, hans blezaða son er virðist at láta berast hingað í heim af sinni blezaðri móður, Fms. i. 281; otherwise only in poetry, eina dóttur (acc.) berr álfröðull (viz. the sun, regarded as the mother), Vþm. 47; hann Gjálp um bar, hann Greip um bar …, Hdl. 36: borit (sup.), Hkv. 1. 1.
    β. of trees, flowers; b. ávöxt, blóm …, to bear fruit, flower … (freq.); bar aldinviðrinn tvennan blóma, Fms. ix. 265; cp. the phrase, bera sitt barr, v. barr.
    2. denoting to load, with acc. of the person and dat. of the thing:
    α. in prop. sense; hann hafði borit sik mjök vápnum, he had loaded himself with arms, i. e. wore heavy armour, Sturl. iii. 250.
    β. but mostly in a metaph. sense; b. e-n ofrafli, ofrmagni, ofrliði, ofríki, magni, to bear one down, to overcome, oppress one, by odds or superior force, Grág. i. 101, ii. 195, Nj. 80, Hkr. ii. 371, Gþl. 474, Stj. 512, Fms. iii. 175 (in the last passage a dat. pers. badly); b. e-n ráðum, to overrule one, Nj. 198, Ld. 296; b. e-n málum, to bearhim down (wrongfully) in a lawsuit, Nj. 151; b. e-n bjóri, to make drunk, Vkv. 26: medic., borinn verkjum, sótt, Bjarn. 68, Og. 5; bölvi, Gg. 2: borne down, feeling heavy pains; þess er borin ván, no hope, all hope is gone, Ld. 250; borinn sök, charged with a cause, Fms. v. 324, H. E. i. 561; bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise, Fms. iv. 111; b. fé, gull á e-n, to bring one a fee, gold, i. e. to bribe one, Nj. 62; borinn baugum, bribed, Alvm. 5; always in a bad sense, cp. the law phrase, b. fé í dóm, to bribe a court, Grág., Nj. 240.
    3. to bear, support, sustain, Lat. sustinere, lolerare, ferre:
    α. properly, of a ship, horse, vehicle, to bear, be capable of bearing; þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, all that they could carry, Eb. 302;—a ship ‘berr’ ( carries) such and such a weight; but ‘tekr’ ( takes) denotes a measure of fluids.
    β. metaph. to sustain, support; dreif þannig svá mikill mannfjöldi at landit fékk eigi borit, Hkr. i. 56; but metaph. to bear up against, endure, support grief, sorrow, etc., sýndist öllum at Guð hefði nær ætlað hvat hann mundi b. mega, Bs. i. 139; biðr hann friðar ok þykist ekki mega b. reiði hans, Fms. iii. 80: the phrase, b. harm sinn í hljóði, to suffer silently; b. svívirðing, x. 333: absol., þótti honum mikit víg Kjartans, en þó bar hann drengilega, he bore it manfully, Ld. 226; er þat úvizka, at b. eigi slíkt, not to bear or put up with, Glúm. 327; b. harm, to grieve, Fms. xi. 425: in the phrases, b. sik, b. af sér, berask, berask vel (illa, lítt), to bear oneself, to bear up against misfortune; Guðrúnu þótti mikit fráfall Þorkels, en þó bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore her bravely up, Ld. 326–328; lézt hafa spurt at ekkjan bæri vel af sér harmana, Eb. 88; berask af; hversu bersk Auðr af um bróðurdauðann? (how does she bear it?); hón bersk af lítt ( she is much borne down) ok þykir mikit, Gísl. 24; niun oss vandara gört en öðrum at vér berim oss vel (Lat. fortiter ferre), Nj. 197; engi maðr hefði þar jamvel borit sik, none bad borne himself so boldly, Sturl. iii. 132; b. sik vel upp, to bear well up against, bear a stout heart, Hrafn. 17; b. sik beiskliga ( sorely), Stj. 143; b. sik lítt, to be downcast, Fms. ii. 61; b. sik at göra e-t, to do one’s best, try a thing.
    III. in law terms or modes of procedure:
    1. bera járn, the ordeal of bearing hot iron in the hand, cp. járnburðr, skírsla. This custom was introduced into Scandinavia together with Christianity from Germany and England, and superseded the old heathen ordeals ‘hólmganga,’ and ‘ganga undir jarðarmen,’ v. this word. In Norway, during the civil wars, it was esp. used in proof of paternity of the various pretenders to the crown, Fms. vii. 164, 200, ix. Hák. S. ch. 14, 41–45, viii. (Sverr. S.) ch. 150, xi. (Jómsv. S.) ch. 11, Grett. ch. 41, cp. N. G. L. i. 145, 389. Trial by ordeal was abolished in Norway A. D. 1247. In Icel. It was very rarely mentioned, vide however Lv. ch. 23 (paternity), twice or thrice in the Sturl. i. 56, 65, 147, and Grág. i. 341, 361; it seems to have been very seldom used there, (the passage in Grett. S. l. c. refers to Norway.)
    2. bera út (hence útburðr, q. v.), to expose children; on this heathen custom, vide Grimm R. A. In heathen Icel., as in other parts of heathen Scandinavia, it was a lawful act, but seldom exercised; the chief passages on record are, Gunnl. S. ch. 3 (ok þat var þá siðvandi nokkurr, er land var allt alheiðit, at þeir menn er félitlir vórn, en stóð ómegð mjök til handa létu út bera börn sín, ok þótti þó illa gört ávalt), Fs. Vd. ch. 37, Harð. S. ch. 8, Rd. ch. 7, Landn. v. ch. 6, Finnb. ch. 2, Þorst. Uxaf. ch. 4, Hervar. S. ch. 4, Fas. i. 547 (a romance); cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 1. On the introduction of Christianity into Icel. A. D. 1000, it was resolved that, in regard to eating of horse-flesh and exposure of children, the old laws should remain in force, Íb. ch. 9; as Grimm remarks, the exposure must take place immediately after birth, before the child had tasted food of any kind whatever, and before it was besprinkled with water (ausa vatni) or shown to the father, who had to fix its name; exposure, after any of these acts, was murder, cp. the story of Liafburga told by Grimm R. A.); v. Also a Latin essay at the end of the Gunnl. S. (Ed. 1775). The Christian Jus Eccl. put an end to this heathen barbarism by stating at its very beginning, ala skal barn hvert er borit verðr, i. e. all children, if not of monstrous shape, shall be brought up, N. G. L. i. 339, 363.
    β. b. út (now more usual, hefja út, Am. 100), to carry out for burial; vera erfðr ok tit borinn, Odd. 20; var hann heygðr, ok út borinn at fornum sið, Fb. i. 123; b. á bál, to place (the body and treasures) upon the pile, the mode of burying in the old heathen time, Fas. i. 487 (in a verse); var hon borin á bálit ok slegit í eldi, Edda 38.
    B. Various and metaph. cases.
    I. denoting motion:
    1. ‘bera’ is in the Grág. the standing law term for delivery of a verdict by a jury (búar), either ‘bera’ absol. or adding kvið ( verdict); bera á e-n, or b. kvið á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty; bera af e-m, or b. af e-m kviðinn, to give a verdict for; or generally, bera, or b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera, or b. vitni, vætti, also simply means to testify, to witness, Nj. 111, cp. kviðburðr ( delivering of verdict), vitnisburðr ( bearing witness), Grág. ii. 28; eigi eigu búar ( jurors) enn at b. um þat hvat lög eru á landi hér, the jurors have not to give verdict in (to decide) what is law in the country, cp. the Engl. maxim, that jurors have only to decide the question of evidence, not of law, Grág. (Kb.) ch. 85; eigi eru búar skildir at b. um hvatvetna; um engi mál eigu þeir at skilja, þau er erlendis ( abroad) hafa görzt, id.; the form in delivering the verdict—höfum vér ( the jurors), orðit á eitt sáttir, berum á kviðburðinn, berum hann sannan at sökinni, Nj. 238, Grág. i. 49, 22, 138, etc.; í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn, id.; b. annattveggja af eðr á; b. undan, to discharge, Nj. 135; b. kvið í hag ( for), Grág. i. 55; b. lýsingar vætti, Nj. 87; b. vitni ok vætti, 28, 43, 44; b. ljúgvitni, to bear false witness, Grág. i. 28; b. orð, to bear witness to a speech, 43; bera frændsemi sundr, to prove that they are not relations, N. G. L. i. 147: reflex., berask ór vætti, to prove that oneself is wrongly summoned to bear witness or to give a verdict, 44: berask in a pass. sense, to be proved by evidence, ef vanefni b. þess manns er á hönd var lýst, Grág. i. 257; nema jafnmæli berisk, 229; þótt þér berisk þat faðerni er þú segir, Fms. vii. 164; hann kvaðst ætla, at honum mundi berask, that he would be able to get evidence for, Fs. 46.
    β. gener. and not as a law term; b. á, b. á hendr, to charge; b. e-n undan, to discharge, Fs. 95; eigi erum vér þessa valdir er þú berr á oss, Nj. 238, Ld. 206, Fms. iv. 380, xi. 251, Th. 78; b. e-m á brýnn, to throw in one’s face, to accuse, Greg. 51; b. af sér, to deny; eigi mun ek af mér b., at… ( non diffitebor), Nj. 271; b. e-m gott vitni, to give one a good…, 11; b. e-m vel (illa) söguna, to bear favourable (unfavourable) witness of one, 271.
    2. to bear by word of mouth, report, tell, Lat. referre; either absol. or adding kveðju, orð, orðsending, eyrindi, boð, sögu, njósn, frétt…, or by adding a prep., b. fram, frá, upp, fyrir; b. kveðju, to bring a greeting, compliment, Eg. 127; b. erindi (sín) fyrir e-n, to plead one’s case before one, or to tell one’s errand, 472, 473; b. njósn, to apprise, Nj. 131; b. fram, to deliver (a speech), talaði jungherra Magnús hit fyrsta erindi (M. made his first speech in public), ok fanst mönnum mikit um hversu úbernsliga fram var borit, Fms. x. 53; (in mod. usage, b. fram denotes gramm. to pronounce, hence ‘framburðr,’ pronunciation); mun ek þat nú fram b., I shall now tell, produce it, Ld. 256, Eg. 37; b. frá, to attest, relate with emphasis; má þat frá b., Dropl. 21; b. upp, to produce, mention, tell, þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, though such a lie be told him, Eg. 59; þær (viz. charges) urðu engar upp bornar ( produced) við Rút, Nj. 11; berr Sigtryggr þegar upp erindi sín (cp. Germ. ojfenbaren), 271, Ld. 256; b. upp gátu, to give (propound) a riddle, Stj. 411, Fas. i. 464; b. fyrir, to plead as an excuse; b. saman ráð sín, or the like, to consult, Nj. 91; eyddist þat ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed, Post. 656 A. ii; b. til skripta, to confess (eccl.), of auricular confession, Hom. 124, 655 xx.
    II. in a metaphorical or circumlocutory sense, and without any sense of motion, to keep, hold, bear, of a title; b. nafn, to bear a name, esp. as honour or distinction; tignar nafn, haulds nafn, jarls nafn, lends manns nafn, konungs nafn, bónda nafn, Fms. i. 17, vi. 278, xi. 44, Gþl. 106: in a more metaph. sense, denoting endowments, luck, disposition, or the like, b. (ekki) gæfu, hamingju, auðnu til e-s, to enjoy (enjoy not) good or bad luck, etc.; at Þórólfr mundi eigi allsendis gæfu til b. um vináttu við Harald, Eg. 75, 112, 473, Fms. iv. 164, i. 218; úhamingju, 219; b. vit, skyn, kunnáttu á (yfir) e-t, to bring wit, knowledge, etc., to bear upon a thing, xi. 438, Band. 7; hence vel (illa) viti borinn, well (ill) endowed with wit, Eg. 51; vel hyggjandi borinn, well endowed with reason, Grág. ii; b. hug, traust, áræði, þor, til e-s, to have courage, confidence … to do a thing, Gullþ. 47, Fms. ix. 220, Band. 7; b. áhyggju, önn fyrir, to care, be concerned about, Fms. x. 318; b. ást, elsku til e-s, to bear affection, love to one; b. hatr, to hate: b. svört augu, to have dark eyes, poët., Korm. (in a verse); b. snart hjarta, Hom. 5; vant er þat af sjá hvar hvergi berr hjarta sitt, where he keeps his heart, Orkn. 474; b. gott hjarta, to bear a proud heart, Lex. Poët., etc. etc.; b. skyndi at um e-t, to make speed with a thing, Lat. festinare, Fms. viii. 57.
    2. with some sense of motion, to bear off or away, carry off, gain, in such phrases as, b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in …; hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orrustum, er frægstar hafa verit, he had borne off the victory in two battles, Fms. xi. 186; bera banaorð af e-m, to slay one in a fight, to be the victor; Þorr berr banaorð af Miðgarðsormi, Edda 42, Fms. x. 400: it seems properly to mean, to bear off the fame of having killed a man; verðat svá rík sköp, at Regin skyli mitt banorð bera, Fm. 39; b. hærra, lægra hlut, ‘to bear off the higher or the lower lot,’ i. e. to get the best or the worst of it, or the metaphor is taken from a sortilege, Fms. ii. 268, i. 59, vi. 412; b. efra, hærra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, to get the victory, x. 394, Lex. Poët.; b. hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), i. e. to be in high or low spirits, Nj. 91; but also, b. halann bratt (lágt), to cock up or let fall the tail (metaph. from cattle), to be in an exultant or low mood: sundry phrases, as, b. bein, to rest the bones, be buried; far þú til Íslands, þar mun þér auðið verða beinin at b., Grett. 91 A; en þó hygg ek at þú munir hér b. beinin í Norðrálfunni, Orkn. 142; b. fyrir borð, to throw overboard, metaph. to oppress; verðr Þórhalli nú fyrir borð borinn, Th. was defied, set at naught, Fær. 234; b. brjóst fyrir e-m, to be the breast-shield, protection of one, Fms. vii. 263: also, b. hönd fyrir höfuð sér, metaph. to put one’s hand before one’s head, i. e. to defend oneself; b. ægishjálm yfir e-m, to keep one in awe and submission, Fm. 16, vide A. I. 2.
    III. connected with prepp., b. af, and (rarely) yfir (cp. afburðr, yfirburðr), to excel, surpass; eigi sá hvárttveggja féit er af öðrum berr, who gets the best of it, Nj. 15; en þó bar Bolli af, B. surpassed all the rest, Ld. 330; þat mannval bar eigi minnr af öðrum mönnum um fríðleik, afi ok fræknleik, en Ormrinn Langi af öðrum skipum, Fms. ii. 252; at hinn útlendi skal yfir b. ( outdo) þann sem Enskir kalla meistara, xi. 431: b. til, to apply, try if it fits; en er þeir báru til (viz. shoes to the hoof of a horse), þá var sem hæfði hestinum, ix. 55; bera til hvern lykil at öðrum at portinu, Thom. 141; b. e-t við, to try it on (hence viðburðr, experiment, effort): b. um, to wind round, as a cable round a pole or the like, Nj. 115; þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body, Fms. ix. 219; ‘b. e-t undir e-n’ is to consult one, ellipt., b. undir dóm e-s; ‘b. e-t fyrir’ is to feign, use as excuse: b. á, í, to smear, anoint; b. vatn í augu sér, Rb. 354; b. tjöru í höfuð sér, Nj. 181, Hom. 70, 73, cp. áburðr; b. gull, silfr, á, to ornament with gold or silver, Ld. 114, Finnb. 258: is now also used = to dung, b. á völl; b. vápn á e-n, to attack one with sharp weapons, Eg. 583, Fms. xi. 334: b. eld at, to set fire to, Nj. 122; b. fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one, Fms. x. 172, Hm. 150: metaph. reflex., bönd berask at e-m, a law term, the evidence bears against one; b. af sér, to parry off; Gyrðr berr af sér lagit, G. parries the thrust off, Fms. x. 421; cp. A. II. 3. β.
    IV. reflex., berask mikit á (cp. áburðr), to bear oneself proudly, or b. lítið á, to bear oneself humbly; hann var hinn kátasti ok barst á mikit, Fms. ii. 68, viii. 219, Eb. 258; b. lítið á, Clem. 35; láta af berask, to die; Óttarr vill skipa til um fjárfar sitt áðr hann láti af b., Fms. ii. 12: berask fyrir, to abide in a place as an asylum, seek shelter; hér munu vit láta fyrir b., Fas. iii. 471; berask e-t fyrir, to design a thing, be busy about, barsk hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur, Greg. 53; at njósna um hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about, Fms. iv. 184, Vígl. 19.
    β. recipr. in the phrase, berask banaspjót eptir, to seek for one another’s life, Glúm. 354: b. vápn á, of a mutual attack with sharp weapons, Fms. viii. 53.
    γ. pass., sár berask á e-n, of one in the heat of battle beginning to get wounds and give way, Nj.:—berask við, to be prevented, not to do; ok nú lét Almáttugr Guð við berast kirkjubrunnann, stopped, prevented the burning of the church, Fms. v. 144; en mér þætti gott ef við bærist, svá at hón kæmi eigi til þín, vi. 210, vii. 219; ok var þá búit at hann mundi þegar láta hamarinn skjanna honum, en hann lét þat við berask, he bethought himself and did not, Edda 35; því at mönnum þótti sem þannig mundi helzt úhæfa við berask, that mischief would thus be best prevented, Sturl. ii. 6, iii. 80.
    C. IMPERS.:—with a sort of passive sense, both in a loc. and temp. sense, and gener. denotes an involuntary, passive motion, happening suddenly or by chance:
    I. with acc. it bears or carries one to a place, i. e. one happens to come; the proverb, alla (acc.) berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end), Lat. omnes una manet nox; bar hann þá ofan gegnt Özuri, he happened to come in his course just opposite to Ö., Lat. delatus est, Dropl. 25: esp. of ships or sailors; nú berr svá til ( happens) herra, at vér komum eigi fram ferðinni, berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eðr annara landa, it bore us to I., i. e. if we drive or drift thither, Fms. iv. 176; þá (acc. pl.) bar suðr í haf, they drifted southwards, Nj. 124.
    β. as a cricketing term, in the phrase, berr (bar) út knöttinn, the ball rolls out, Gísl. 26, cp. p. 110 where it is transit.; berr Gísli ok út knöttinn, vide Vígl. ch. 11, Grett. ch. 17, Vd. ch. 37, Hallfr. S. ch. 2.
    γ. Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, Sk. came suddenly upon them, Nj. 144; bar at Hróaldi þegar allan skjöldinn, the shield was dashed against H.’s body, 198; ok skyldu sæta honum, ef hann (acc.) bæri þar at, if he should per chance come, shew himself there, Orkn. 406; e-n berr yfir, it bears one, i. e. one is borne onwards, as a bird flying, a man riding; þóttist vita, at hann (acc.) mundi fljótara yfir bera ef hann riði en gengi, that he would get on more fleetly riding than walking, Hrafn. 7; hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, he passed quickly, of a flying meteor, Nj. 194; e-n berr undan, escapes.
    2. also with acc. followed by prepp. við, saman, jafnframt, hjá, of bodies coinciding or covering one another: loc., er jafnframt ber jaðrana tungls ok sólar, if the orb of the moon and sun cover each other, Rb. 34; þat kann vera stundum, at tunglit (acc.) berr jafht á millum vár ok sólar (i. e. in a moon eclipse), 108; ber nokkut jaðar (acc.) þess hjá sólar jaðri, 34; Gunnarr sér at rauðan kyrtil (acc.) bar við glugginn, G. sees that a red kirtle passed before the window, Nj. 114; bar fyrir utan þat skip vápnaburð (acc.) heiðingja (gen. pl.), the missiles of the heathens passed over the ship without hurting them, flew too high, Fms. vii. 232; hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, nowhere a shadow, all bright, Nj. 118; þangat sem helzt mátti nokkut yfir þá skugga bera af skóginum, where they were shadowed (hidden) by the trees, Fms. x. 239; e-t berr fram (hátt), a body is prominent, Lat. eminet; Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingunni, bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, king O. stood out conspicuously, ii. 308; b. yfir, þótti mjök bera hljóð (acc.) þar yfir er Ólafr sat, the sound was heard over there where O. sat, Sturl. i. 21; b. á milli, something comes between; leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect, Nj. 263: metaph., e-m berr e-t á milli, they come to dissent, 13, v. 1.; b. fyrir augu (hence fyrirburðr, vision), of a vision or the like; mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, ek sé …, many things come now before my eyes, 104; hann mundi allt þat er fyrir hann hafði borit, i. e. all the dream, 195; eina nótt berr fyrir hann í svefni mikla sýn, Fms. i. 137, Rd. 290; veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m (a metaphor from hunting), sport falls to one’s lot; hér bæri veiði í hendr nú, here would be a game, Nj. 252; e-t berr undan (a metaphor from fishing, hunting term), when one misses one’s opportunity; vel væri þá … at þá veiði (acc.) bæri eigi undan, that this game should not go amiss, 69; en ef þetta (acc.) berr undan, if this breaks down, 63; hon bað hann þá drepa einhvern manna hans, heldr en allt (acc.) bæri undan, rather than that all should go amiss, Eg. 258: absol., þyki mér illa, ef undan berr, if I miss it, Nj. 155; viljum vér ekki at undan beri at…, we will by no means miss it…, Fms. viii. 309, v. 1. The passage Bs. i. 416 (en fjárhlutr sá er átt hafði Ari, bar undan Guðmundi) is hardly correct, fjárhlut þann would run better, cp. bera undir, as a law term, below.
    II. adding prepp.; b. við, at, til, at hendi, at móti, til handa …, to befall, happen, Lat. accidere, occurrere, with dat. of the person, (v. atburðr, viðburðr, tilburðr); engi hlut skyldi þann at b., no such thing should happen as…, Fms. xi. 76; svá bar at einn vetr, it befell, x. 201; þat hefir nú víst at hendi borit, er…, Nj. 174; þó þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, Eg. 7; b. til handa, id., Sks. 327; bar honum svá til, so it befell him, Fms. xi. 425; at honum bæri engan váðaligan hlut til á veginum, that nothing dangerous should befall him on the way, Stj. 212; bæri þat þá svá við, at hann ryfi, it then perchance might happen, that …, 102; þat bar við at Högni kom, 169, 172, 82; raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by the fact, event, Fms. ix. 474, x. 185.
    2. temp., e-t berr á, it happens to fall on …; ef þing (acc.) ber á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls on the holy week (Whitsun), Grág. i. 106; ef Crucis messu (acc.) berr á Drottins dag, Rb. 44; berr hana (viz. Petrs messu, June 29) aldrei svá optarr á öldinni, 78; þat er nú berr oss næst, what has occurred of late, Sturl. iii. 182: b. í móti, to happen exactly at a time; þetta (acc.) bar í móti at þenna sama dag andaðist Brandr biskup, Bs. i. 468; b. saman, id.; bar þat saman, at pá var Gunnarr at segja brennusöguna, just when G. was about telling the story, Nj. 269.
    3. metaph. of agreement or separation; en þat (acc.) þykir mjök saman b. ok þessi frásögn, Fms. x. 276: with dat., bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the records agreed well together, Nj. 100, v. l.; berr nú enn í sundr með þeim, Bjarna ok Þorkatli at sinni, B. and Th. missed each other, Vápn. 25.
    4. denoting cause; e-t (acc.) berr til …, causes a thing; ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason, Nj. 75; at þat beri til skilnaðar okkars, that this will make us to part (divorce), 261; konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief? Fms. vi. 355; þat berr til tunglhlaups, Rb. 32.
    β. meiri ván at brátt beri þat (acc.) til bóta, at herviliga steypi hans ríki, i. e. there will soon come help (revenge), Fms. x. 264; fjórir eru þeir hlutir er menn (acc.) berr í ætt á landi hér, there are four cases under which people may be adopted, Grág. i. 361.
    γ. e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot; hon á arf at taka þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn, 179; mikla erfð (acc.) bar undir hana, Mar. (Fr.); berr yfir, of surpassing, Bs. ii. 121, 158; b. frá, id. (fráburðr); herðimikill svá at þat (acc.) bar frá því sem aðrir menn, Eg. 305; er sagt, at þat bæri frá hve vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they did speak, Jb. 11; bar þat mest frá hversu illa hann var limaðr, but above all, how…, Ó. H. 74.
    5. with adverbial nouns in a dat. form; e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden; berr þetta (acc.) nú allbráðum, Fms. xi. 139; cp. vera bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise (above); berr stórum, stærrum, it matters a great deal; ætla ek stærrum b. hin lagabrotin (acc.), they are much more important, matter more, vii. 305; var þat góðr kostr, svá at stórum bar, xi. 50; hefir oss orðit svá mikil vanhyggja, at stóru berr, an enormous blunder, Gísl. 51; svá langa leið, at stóru bar, Fas. i. 116; þat berr stórum, hversu mér þóknast vel þeirra athæfi, it amounts to a great deal, my liking their service, i. e. I do greatly like, Fms. ii. 37; eigi berr þat allsmám hversu vel mér líkar, in no small degree do I like, x. 296.
    β. with dat., it is fitting, becoming; svá mikit sem landeiganda (dat.) berr til at hafa eptir lögum, what he is legally entitled to, Dipl. iii. 10; berr til handa, it falls to one’s lot, v. above, Grág. i. 93.
    III. answering to Lat. oportet, absolutely or with an adverb, vel, illa, with infinit.; e-m berr, it beseems, becomes one; berr þat ekki né stendr þvílíkum höfuðfeðr, at falsa, Stj. 132; berr yðr (dat.) vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli, Fms. ix. 326; sagði, at þat bar eigi Kristnum mönnum, at særa Guð, x. 22; þá siðu at mér beri vel, Sks. 353 B: used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, unbeseeming, unfit, improper; athæfi þat er vel beri fyrir konungs augliti, 282; þat þykir ok eigi illa bera, at maðr hafi svart skinn til hosna, i. e. it suits pretty well, 301: in case of a pers. pron. in acc. or dat. being added, the sentence becomes personal in order to avoid doubling the impers. sentence, e. g. e-m berr skylda (not skyldu) til, one is bound by duty; veit ek eigi hver skylda (nom.) yðr (acc.) ber til þess at láta jarl einn ráða, Fms. i. 52: also leaving the dat. out, skylda berr til at vera forsjámaðr með honum, vii. 280; eigi berr hér til úviska mín, it is not that I am not knowing, Nj. 135.
    IV. when the reflex. inflexion is added to the verb, the noun loses its impers. character and is turned from acc. into nom., e. g. þar (þat?) mun hugrinn minn mest hafa fyrir borizt, this is what I suspected, fancied, Lv. 34; cp. hugarburðr, fancy, and e-t berr fyrir e-n (above, C. I. 2); hefir þetta (nom.) vel í móti borizt, a happy coincidence, Nj. 104; ef svá harðliga kann til at berask, if the misfortunes do happen, Gþl. 55; barsk sú úhamingja (nom.) til á Íslandi, that mischief happened (no doubt the passage is thus to be emended), Bs. i. 78, but bar þá úhamingju …; þat (nom.) barsk at, happened, Fms. x. 253; fundir várir (nom.) hafa at borizt nokkurum sinnum, vii. 256; þat barsk at á einhverju sumri, Eg. 154; bærist at um síðir at allr þingheimrinn berðist, 765, cp. berast við, berask fyrir above (B. V.): berast, absol., means to be shaken, knocked about; var þess ván, at fylkingar mundu berast í hergöngunni, that they would be brought into some confusion, Fms. v. 74; Hrólfr gékk at ramliga, ok barst Atli (was shaken, gave away) fyrir orku sakir, þar til er hann féll. Fas. iii. 253; barst Jökull allr fyrir orku sakir (of two wrestling), Ísl. ii. 467, Fms. iii. 189: vide B. IV.
    D. In mod. usage the strong bera—bar is also used in impersonal phrases, denoting to let a thing be seen, shew, but almost always with a negative preceding, e. g. ekki bar (ber) á því, it could ( can) not be seen; að á engu bæri, láta ekki á bera ( to keep tight), etc. All these phrases are no doubt alterations from the weak verb bera, að, nudare, and never occur in old writers; we have not met with any instance previous to the Reformation; the use is certainly of late date, and affords a rare instance of weak verbs turning into strong; the reverse is more freq. the case.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BERA

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  • gin pole — a stout pole on the deck of a fishing boat used to haul fish on board …   Dictionary of ichthyology

  • bobbing pole — a long, stout rod with line and baited hooks used to take cod in Newfoundland …   Dictionary of ichthyology

  • Stouter — Stout Stout (stout), a. [Compar. {Stouter} (stout [ e]r); superl. {Stoutest}.] [D. stout bold (or OF. estout bold, proud, of Teutonic origin); akin to AS. stolt, G. stolz, and perh. to E. stilt.] 1. Strong; lusty; vigorous; robust; sinewy;… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Stoutest — Stout Stout (stout), a. [Compar. {Stouter} (stout [ e]r); superl. {Stoutest}.] [D. stout bold (or OF. estout bold, proud, of Teutonic origin); akin to AS. stolt, G. stolz, and perh. to E. stilt.] 1. Strong; lusty; vigorous; robust; sinewy;… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Impalement — For other uses, see Impale (disambiguation). Vertical impalement Impalement is the traumatic penetration of an organism by an elongated foreign object such as a stake, pole, or spear, and this usually implies complete perforation of the central… …   Wikipedia

  • spar — I. noun Etymology: Middle English sparre; akin to Old English spere spear more at spear Date: 14th century 1. a stout pole 2. a. a stout rounded usually wood or metal piece (as a mast, boom, gaff, or yard) used to support rigging b. any of the… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Monkey stick — This article is about a musical instrument for other uses see Mendoza (disambiguation). The mendoza, mendozer, monkey stick or lagerphone, is a traditional English percussion instrument, widely used in folk music. The origins of the name are not… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Indian folk dances — Indian folk and tribal dances are simple dances, and are performed to express joy. Folk and tribal dances are performed for every possible occasion, to celebrate the arrival of seasons, birth of a child, a wedding and festivals. The dances are… …   Wikipedia

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